英語(yǔ)短文閱讀(精華)

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀1

　　Every morning at approximately 8:48 a.m., I pass it—the brick building that I visited many times as a child and that once seemed so grand, now a miniature playhouse in my mind.

　　每天早晨，大約8點(diǎn)48分的時(shí)候，我都會(huì)路過(guò)那棟磚砌的建筑。小時(shí)候，我曾經(jīng)多次造訪(fǎng)過(guò)那里。那時(shí)，這棟樓看起來(lái)是那么威嚴(yán)宏大，可如今它在我心里就像一個(gè)微型的玩具小屋。

　　My father used to live there, along with 549 other inmates. When I’d visit, as I often did, we’d chat and laugh—through a glass wall, telephones in hand.

　　我父親就曾住在那里，和其他549名囚犯生活在一起。我常常去探望他，每次去時(shí)，我們都有說(shuō)有笑——只不過(guò)我和他之間隔著一堵玻璃墻，每人手里拿著電話(huà)。

　　For me, it was normal. It was all I knew. And I relished connecting with him. It was one of the most important relationships in my life, and still is today.

　　對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這種交流方式很正常。因?yàn)槲宜�知道的交流方式就是這樣的。我喜歡這么和他聊天。那時(shí)候，和父親的交流是我生命中最重要的情感寄托之一，直至今天也是如此。

　　Experts say the years before you turn 5 are the most important. I must be lucky then. The day he was arrested on drug-related charges, the day I smiled at the policeman in our home, the day that everything changed was six months before my sixth birthday.

　　專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，每個(gè)人五歲之前的經(jīng)歷對(duì)其成長(zhǎng)是最為重要的。要這么說(shuō)的話(huà)，我肯定是幸運(yùn)的。因?yàn)榫驮诟赣H因毒品案被捕的那一天、我沖著那個(gè)闖進(jìn)我家的警察微笑的那一天、我的生活從此完全改變的那一天，我已經(jīng)五歲半了。

　　Over the years, the weekly commutes to visit my father became rituals. Eventually, after several years, we were allowed real visits when he was moved to a lower-security facility—the kind of visits where you can hug and tickle, where a conversation’s connection doesn’t depend on the distorted and crackly voice coming through the telephone, where words can be freely exchanged without the clock ticking, reminding you that time is slipping, moving faster than it should, faster than you’d like.

　　那之后許多年，我每星期都會(huì)坐車(chē)去探望父親，這已經(jīng)成為一種習(xí)慣。終于，在幾年后，父親被轉(zhuǎn)到一所防衛(wèi)不那么嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)獄，我們這才被允許“真正”地探望他：我們可以互相擁抱，互相胳肢；可以直接對(duì)話(huà)而不再依賴(lài)電話(huà)里那種有些失真又沙啞的聲音；可以自由地交談，沒(méi)有時(shí)鐘在一旁嘀嗒嘀嗒，提醒我們時(shí)間在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)溜走，而且那時(shí)鐘總是走得特別快，比你希望得快。

　　We’ve always shared a sense of understanding, my father and I. We can look at one another and know what the other is thinking. We get each other.

　　父親和我之間一直有那么一種默契。我們看著對(duì)方，就知道彼此心里在想什么。我們心有靈犀。

　　You’d think his absence would have prevented him from making rules, enforcing discipline and participating in the day-to-day of my childhood, but that wasn’t so. He wrote me every week, and I often go back and read what’s left of the folded, disintegrating letters. He’d tell me stories and I’d draw him fashion designs.

　　也許你會(huì)覺(jué)得，既然父親沒(méi)在家，他肯定沒(méi)辦法給我立規(guī)矩或是管教我，在我的童年生活里，他肯定也沒(méi)辦法天天陪著我，但實(shí)際情況卻并非如此。他每個(gè)星期都會(huì)給我寫(xiě)信，那些留著的信現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)折痕累累、支離破碎，但我還時(shí)�；剡^(guò)頭去讀一讀。他會(huì)在信里給我講故事，而我會(huì)給他畫(huà)服裝設(shè)計(jì)的圖樣。

　　1In person, we’d talk, not just speak. His life lessons, never cliché but always earnest, struck a chord with me and I soaked up every word. He told me that not having a father had been a detriment to his ego and that he’d overcompensated by feeling infallible well into his 30s. He spoke of the shame he’d caused his family and how there were times when he almost cracked, being isolated from his family, from love, from who he used to be.

　　見(jiàn)面的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)傾心交談，而不僅僅是閑聊瞎扯。他會(huì)和我分享他的人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)，句句真摯中肯，從不老生常談，他說(shuō)的每一個(gè)字都讓我深感共鳴，我把這些話(huà)牢記心間。他告訴我，他從小沒(méi)有父親，這讓他的自尊深受傷害，而三十多歲時(shí)，他又走到另一個(gè)極端，過(guò)于自信，覺(jué)得自己永遠(yuǎn)是正確的。他還談到自己的所作所為讓家人蒙受的恥辱，他說(shuō)自己好幾次都幾近崩潰——因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)離家人，遠(yuǎn)離關(guān)愛(ài)，無(wú)法做回曾經(jīng)的自己。

　　Other children looked forward to Saturdays, long stretches of time when their fathers would take them to swimming or hockey lessons, to the park for a walk or for an ice-cream cone. I could barely sleep with anticipation, getting up as early as 5 a.m. to hop in the car for the two-hour drive ahead.

　　別的孩子們都盼著過(guò)周六，期待在那長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的閑暇時(shí)間里，他們的父親會(huì)帶他們?nèi)�學(xué)游泳或上曲棍球課，去公園里散步或買(mǎi)冰淇淋甜筒。而我每周五晚會(huì)因滿(mǎn)心期待而難以入睡，周六早上我會(huì)五點(diǎn)起床，跳上汽車(chē)，然后坐兩個(gè)小時(shí)的車(chē)去探望父親。

　　The ice cream I was missing paled in comparison with the sweet joy of simply “being” with my dad. To have our chats, to share outdoor barbecues with my father and other families who would gather. Most children have school friends and neighbourhood friends. I had those too, but I also had my jail friends, the girls and boys with whom I would run around and play tag, not truly comprehending why these individuals probably understood me and my life far better than anyone else.

　　不過(guò)，只要能和父親“待”在一起，我就感到甜蜜而快樂(lè)，相比之下，沒(méi)吃上冰淇淋就顯得微不足道了。我可以和父親聊天，和父親以及其他周末在這個(gè)地方相聚的家庭一起在戶(hù)外燒烤。大多數(shù)孩子的朋友是學(xué)校的同學(xué)或是附近的鄰居。我也有這樣的朋友，但我還有一幫在監(jiān)獄里結(jié)識(shí)的伙伴。這些伙伴中有男孩也有女孩，我們一起東奔西跑，一起玩捉人游戲，那時(shí)我并沒(méi)有真正理解，為什么這些孩子可能會(huì)比其他人更能理解我和我的生活。

　　My mother, who had long since separated from my father, would often ask me about my feelings, trying to uncover some inadequacy I felt, pressing for details and expressions that might make sense. How could I be okay?

　　很久以前，母親就和父親離婚了。她總是問(wèn)我對(duì)父親入獄這件事有什么感受，盡力尋找每一個(gè)可能有意義的細(xì)節(jié)和表情，試圖證明我是感覺(jué)受傷害了的。她想不明白我怎么可能一點(diǎn)兒事兒都沒(méi)有呢？

　　But how could I not? As a child, the word jail means nothing, and this proved itself when my stepmother broke the news to me a few months after my father’s arrest. She took me for an ice cream, and as we sat in her car in the parking lot, she explained why the police had been at our home, what it all meant, how my father would not be returning any time soon.

　　可我為什么就不能感覺(jué)良好呢？對(duì)于一個(gè)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，“監(jiān)獄”這個(gè)詞沒(méi)有任何意義。這一點(diǎn)，從父親被捕幾個(gè)月后繼母告訴我這個(gè)消息時(shí)我的反應(yīng)上就能看出來(lái)。她帶我去買(mǎi)了一個(gè)冰淇淋，然后，在停車(chē)場(chǎng)里，我們坐在她的車(chē)上時(shí)，她向我解釋了警察為什么會(huì)來(lái)我家，這一切都意味著什么，以及父親為何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)不能回家了。

　　Yes, I cried, but only because I thought I was supposed to. I couldn’t comprehend the magnitude. I just did what all kids learn to do around this age, intuitively gauge what an adult wants from you and serve it up, all the while holding one’s breath while waiting for approval.

　　沒(méi)錯(cuò)，我哭了，但那只是因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得我應(yīng)該哭。我那時(shí)無(wú)法理解這件事情的嚴(yán)重性。我只是做了所有大概這個(gè)年齡的孩子都會(huì)做的事：憑直覺(jué)估計(jì)一下大人希望你怎么做，然后把它做出來(lái)，同時(shí)屏住呼吸，等著大人的認(rèn)可。

　　I was 11 when my father finally came home. I learned all about responsibility when he signed me up for a part-time job serving ice cream at the beach. I acted excited, though like most 11-year-olds, all I wanted to do was park myself in front of the television all summer long. But I wanted to please him, wanted to earn those extra smiles, all the ones I’d missed.

　　我11歲那年，父親終于刑滿(mǎn)回家了。他給我報(bào)名，讓我去應(yīng)聘了一份在沙灘上賣(mài)冰淇淋的`兼職工作，這份工作讓我徹底了解了什么是責(zé)任。我當(dāng)時(shí)假裝很激動(dòng)，但其實(shí)像大多數(shù)11歲的孩子一樣，我只想整個(gè)夏天都坐在電視機(jī)前度過(guò)。但是我想讓他高興，想多看到他笑，想把我錯(cuò)過(guò)的那些笑容都補(bǔ)回來(lái)。

　　Years later, as I stare out the window while I pass that brick building on my daily commute to work, I often wonder if I lost something, if those special years that others had with their fathers, the ones I didn’t, harmed me in some way. Am I really that different? Do I have attachment issues?

　　多年以后，當(dāng)我每天乘車(chē)上班途經(jīng)那棟磚砌的建筑時(shí)，都會(huì)從車(chē)窗向外凝望，此時(shí)我經(jīng)常問(wèn)自己，我是否錯(cuò)失過(guò)什么？在那特別的幾年里，別的孩子可以和他們的父親一起度過(guò)，但我卻沒(méi)有父親陪伴，這是否對(duì)我造成了這樣或那樣的傷害呢？我真的那么與眾不同嗎？我在情感方面有沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題？

　　I still live at home, but so does every other twentysomething I know. They still enjoy home-cooked meals, pristinely arranged households and all bills paid for by their parents.

　　我現(xiàn)在還和父母住在一起，但我認(rèn)識(shí)的其他二十多歲的年輕人也都和父母一起住。他們還是很喜歡吃家里做的飯菜，喜歡家里一切都收拾得整齊干凈，更喜歡父母幫他們付清所有的賬單。

　　When I think about moving out, I know it’s not time yet. It’s not the conveniences that come from living a life almost free of responsibility, although that’s a bonus.

　　我也考慮過(guò)搬出去住，但我知道還不是時(shí)候。不過(guò)，這并不是因?yàn)檫@種幾乎不需要負(fù)任何責(zé)任的生活給我?guī)��?lái)了很多便利，雖然這種便利是額外的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

　　I’m not ready to give up the small inner burst of joy I get every morning when my dad pops his head into my bedroom and says, “Morning, Mini,” a nickname I’ve kept far too many years. I growl and tell him to “get out!” since it’s hours before I need to get up. But I can’t help smiling.

　　我不愿意搬出去住，是因?yàn)槲疫�沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好放棄每天早上父親突然探頭到我的臥室，沖我喊“早安，米妮(一個(gè)我叫了好多年的小名)！”時(shí)，我心里迸發(fā)出來(lái)的那點(diǎn)小小的快樂(lè)。我會(huì)很生氣地朝他大吼“出去！”，因?yàn)殡x我該起床的時(shí)間還有好幾個(gè)小時(shí)呢。但每當(dāng)此時(shí)，我都會(huì)忍不住地微笑起來(lái)。

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀2

　　Welcome to Germany---German Chancellor's Greetings to FIFA 20xx

　　德國(guó)默克爾的問(wèn)候

　　There are many dimensions to football's allure and appeal: top-class moves, thrilling goals, majestic star players, thunderous encounters and passionate fans. Football stirs the emotions all over the globe, brings people from contrasting cultures together, and promotes solid virtues such as fairness, team spirit and tolerance. All these facets will emerge in their most intense form at the 20xx FIFA World Cup in Germany next summer.

　　足球的魅力是多方面的：高質(zhì)量的比賽、激動(dòng)人心的進(jìn)球、神奇的球星、殘酷的遭遇戰(zhàn)、熱情的球迷。足球激發(fā)了全球的熱情，把不同文化背景的人們集合在一起，弘揚(yáng)了公平、團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和寬容等諸多美德。所有的這些方面都會(huì)在20xx FIFA德國(guó)世界杯上強(qiáng)烈地表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

　　Millions of people will be transfixed by this unique festival of sport and friendship. We are thoroughly looking forward ro football of the highest quality. We're delighted to welcome the biggest names in the sport as well as those nations set to appear at the finals for the first time. And we're looking forward to greeting fans from all over the world as they fill our cities with even more colour and life A heartfelt welcome to everyone!

　　眾人將沉浸在這獨(dú)一無(wú)二的'友誼和競(jìng)技的節(jié)日里。我們急切期待最高質(zhì)量的足球比賽。我們高興地歡迎球場(chǎng)上名聲如雷貫耳的球隊(duì)，同樣也歡迎第一次出現(xiàn)在世界杯決賽階段的球隊(duì)。我們期待來(lái)自世界各地的球迷來(lái)到我們的城市，不論膚色和生活方式。衷心歡迎你們的到來(lái)!

　　Germany is a cosmopolitan country with a passion for football. The people will devote themselves to the job of ensuring the 20xx FJFA World Cup is an unforgettable experience, a fact demonstrated by the thousands of ordinary folk who have come forward as volunteers.

　　德國(guó)是一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)了足球激情的大國(guó)。人們忘我地工作，以確保20xx FIFA世界杯成為一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，事實(shí)上，成千上萬(wàn)的普通百姓成為了志愿者。

　　Germany is well prepared to host the FJFA World Cup. We have finished constructing our new, modern stadiums and an outstanding transportation infrastructure. The organization is in the enormously capable hands of the Organizing Committee headed by Franz Beckenbauer. The slogan "A time to make friends" perfectly describes our intention to ensure everyone revels in a secure and peaceful festival of football.

　　德國(guó)為FIFA世界杯的舉辦做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。我們已經(jīng)完成了現(xiàn)代化新場(chǎng)館的建設(shè)，建成了優(yōu)良的運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。弗朗茨·貝肯鮑爾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的世界杯組委會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)非常出色。本屆世界杯口號(hào)“友誼的盛會(huì)”極好地描述了我們的意思，我們要確保每個(gè)人都度過(guò)一個(gè)安全、和平的足球節(jié)日。

　　The FIFA World Cup is a unique opportunity for Germany to present herself as a hospitable, joyful and modern nation bursting with ideas. I am convinced that the flames of passion and togetherness engendered by the FIFA World Cup in Germany will spread to the entire world.

　　FIFA世界杯足球賽給了德國(guó)一次絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)，展示她的熱情、快樂(lè)、現(xiàn)代化和充滿(mǎn)豐富的想象。我確信，德國(guó)FIFA世界杯足球賽帶來(lái)的團(tuán)結(jié)和激情的火焰會(huì)散布到全世界。

　　I'm personally looking forward to a festival of goals, excitement and fair play. We Germans will be right behind our national team, but our aim is to act as welcoming hosts and friends to every team and their fans. Passionate and cosmopolitan Germany is delighted to welcome visitors to the 20xx FIFA World Cup.

　　我個(gè)人希望，這是一次進(jìn)球、激情和公平競(jìng)賽的節(jié)日。我們德國(guó)人當(dāng)然堅(jiān)定支持自己國(guó)家隊(duì)，但是，我們的目標(biāo)是當(dāng)好熱情的東道主和每支球隊(duì)及其球迷的朋友。充滿(mǎn)熱情、敞開(kāi)懷抱的德國(guó)熱烈歡迎所有參與20xx FIFA世界杯足球賽的朋友們。

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀3

　　閱讀下列短文,回答題目.

　　Nipponex Electrics

　　Tokyo，Japan

　　27 August，20xx

　　Amperlite Ltd

　　146 0’Leafy St

　　Dublin，Ireland

　　Dear Sirs，

　　Improved ways of production make US able to offer you our change of Drilite batteries(電池)at a reduced price for large quantities.

　　Further information of the New prices for your market are sent to you together with the letter，and you will see that the price has already reduced 5 percent.As c.i.f(成本、保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)) to Dublin is included in our prices，you will agree that they are clearly lower than those of producers of the same batteries，both here in Japan and elsewhere.The quality of our products remains the same--only the finest chemicals are used.The new prices are for the least orders of l.000 pounds and will begin from January 1.Immediate sending off is sure because enough Can be made whenever you require it.

　　We appreciate your past dealing and cooperation(合作)with us，and look forward to supplying you in the new year at the new prices.

　　Yours truly，

　　Nipponex Electrics

　　1.If the Irish expect to enjoy the 5%of reduction at prices，they should__________.

　　A.pay the Japanese at least￡1，000

　　B.order 1，000 pounds of batteries in weight

　　C.order￡1，000 worth batteries at least

　　D.Pay the Japanese￡1，000 ahead

　　參考答案：C

　　答案及解析

　　C【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文中第二段倒數(shù)第二句，The new prices are for the least orders of l，000 pounds and will begin from January

　　由此可知，新的價(jià)格是基于訂購(gòu)至少1000英鎊之上的，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文的意思，是正確答案。

　　2.Which is NOT the reason of reduction of the price at 5 percent?

　　A.The Japanese.producer holds a large quantity of stores and can’t sell them out.

　　B.The Japanese have improved their production means.

　　C.They can turn out more products.

　　D.They expect to go on dealing with the Irish in the coming year.

　　參考答案：A

　　參考解析：A【解析】判斷推理題。文中給出了幾個(gè)原因：Improved ways of pr0·duction;turn out more products;and look forward to supplying you inthe new year at the new prices，等。文章說(shuō)的是，公司有能力立即大批量的生產(chǎn)，而不是說(shuō)由于庫(kù)存過(guò)多，賣(mài)不出去才迫于降價(jià)的。所以選項(xiàng)A(庫(kù)存太多，賣(mài)不出去)是不符合原文的'意思的，故正確答案為A。

　　3.From the letter，we can know__________.

　　A.the two sides cooperated before

　　B.the Irish should pay for the transportation fee in terms of the new price

　　C.they use the best chemicals to improve the quality

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀4

　　今天我們就來(lái)看看第四部分 Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)

　　Directions:There is 1 passage in this part with fivequestions or unfinished statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words(not exceeding 10 words).

　　Loneliness is a curious thing. Most of us can remember feeling most lonely when we were not in fact alone at all, but when we were surrounded by people.Everyone has experienced,at some time,that utter sense of isolation that comes over youwhen you’re at a party or in an audience at a lecture.It suddenly seems to you as if everybody knows everybody else;everybody is sure of himself;everybody,that is, except you.

　　This feeling of loneliness which can overcome you when you are in a crowd is very difficult to get rid of.People living alone are advised to tackle their loneliness by joining a club or a society,by going out and meeting people.Does this really help?

　　There are no easy solutions.Your first day at work,or at a new school or university,is a typical situation in which you are likely to feel lonely.You feel that everybody else is full of confidence and knows what to do ,but you are adrift andhelpless.The fact of the matter is that,in order to survive,we all put on a show of self-confidence to hide our uncertainties and doubts.

　　In a big city it is particularly easy to get the feeling that everybody except you is leading a full,rich,busy life. Everybody is going somewhere,and you tend toassume that they are going somewhere nice and interesting,whereas your destination is less exciting and fulfilling.

　　71.What is the passage mainly about?

　　72.We feel mostly lonely when we____.

　　73.What do people usually do to tackle their loneliness?

　　74.Why do we try to hide our sense of loneliness when we start a new job?

　　75.What do you tend to assume other’s life to be when you are in a big city?お

　　答案與詳解

　　71. loneliness文中第一段講Loneliness is a curious thing.第二段的中心句是 This feeling of loneliness is very difficult to get rid of .第三段講有時(shí)孤獨(dú)是很難排遣的.，最后一段講身處大城市的人更易感到孤獨(dú)，四級(jí)最后一搏---短文回答，英語(yǔ)方法《四級(jí)最后一搏---短文回答》。故而，孤獨(dú)就是該文講述的主題。

　　72. stay with people/are surrounded by people 從第一段第二句可知答案。

　　73. Joining a club or a society,going out and meeting people 從第二段第二句可知答案。

　　74. In order to survive 從第三段最后一句可知答案。uncertainties and doubts就是一種孤獨(dú)的感覺(jué)(sense of loneliness)

　　75. Full,rich and busy從最后一段第一句可知答案

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀5

　　Four best friends met at the hospital since their wives were giving births to their babies. The nurse comes up to the first man and says, "Congratulations, you got twins."The man said "How strange, I'm the manager of Minnesota Twins." After awhile the nurse comes up to the second man and says, "Congratulations, you got triplets." Man was like "Hmmm, strange I worked as a director for the "3 musketeers." Finally, the nurse comes up to the third man and says "Congratulations, you got twins x2."

　　Man is happy and says, "Ironic, I work for the hotel "4 Seasons." All three of them are happy until they see their last buddy jumping all over the place, cursing God and banging his head on the wall.They asked him what's wrong and he answered, "What's wrong? I work for 7up"！

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀6

　　答案

　　Mr. Johnson had a factory. He once 1 on TV that animals could be taught to 2 some work for people if they were given 3 to eat. He loved the idea. He thought it would be 4 to have a dog look after his 5 and an elephant do some heavy jobs 6 his factory. He bought a dog 7 an elephant in the market and decided to teach them to do some work for him. Of course. he 8 bought a lot of food for them. Several months later，the dog and the elephant 9 fatter and fatter，but they 10 do any work for him. At last，Mr. Johnson had to give up.

　　1. A. saw B. asked C. met 2. A. make B. do C. 1et

　　3. A. someone B. nothing C. something 4. A. bad B. good C. 1ate

　　5. A. house B. shirt C. eyes 6. A. in B. above C. under

　　7. A. but B. or C. and 8. A. also B. never C. yet 9. A. xxx elt B. sounded C. became

　　10. A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t 2 At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. Last year we went to an old people’s 1 and sang songs and performed a play for 2 . The old people were very 3 . We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 4 primary schools and help 5 young students. I want to be a teacher 6 I’m older so it would be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 7 for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week. 1. A. home B. bank C. shop D. river 2. A. us B. them C. him D. her 3. A. great B. angry C. xxx art D. happy 4. A. buy B. have C. visit D. build 5. A. tell B. ask C. teach D. find 6. A. how B. when C. where D. why 7. A. write B. wait C. look D. pay 求解 七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀和完形填空

　　應(yīng)該是CEBGA

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀7

　　一、題型要求

　　補(bǔ)全短文的設(shè)計(jì)思路是，給出一篇300-450詞的短文，其中有5處空白，文章后面有6段文字，要求應(yīng)試者根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5段文字，將其放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。這種題型重在考查應(yīng)試者把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)、掌握作者思路的能力。這是一種較高層次的閱讀理解能力，要求考生能夠從宏觀(guān)的角度把握文章的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，要想做好這類(lèi)題，必須從語(yǔ)篇的角度，搞清楚文章的脈絡(luò)，吃透文章的意思。

　　二、解題技巧

　　補(bǔ)全短文是職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)六大題型中最難的一種題型，在做這種題型時(shí)要先預(yù)測(cè)選項(xiàng)，注意抓選項(xiàng)主干，猜測(cè)選項(xiàng)的大致意思，同時(shí)要注意連詞，代詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞等的出現(xiàn)。之后回到原文中看看空白處所在的位置，如果是在段首句，也許意味著是中心主題句，如果是在段尾句，也許意味著是中心主題句或是細(xì)節(jié)論述，如果是在段中，也許意味著是細(xì)節(jié)論述。最后根據(jù)空白處的前后句的意思，按先易后難的順序?qū)⒃�文恢�?fù)原貌。做完之后在把文章看一遍，檢查一下所填的順序是否符合文章二下文的要求。

　　這類(lèi)題要求根據(jù)給定短文(原文)的意思，在6個(gè)選項(xiàng)句子(陳述句)中分別選出5個(gè)符合語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和前后內(nèi)容意思銜接的選項(xiàng)，補(bǔ)充到原文劃線(xiàn)的填充處，使原文成為一篇意思完整、前后連貫的短文，所以這類(lèi)題實(shí)際上是段落填充題。這類(lèi)題本意是要考查較高的閱讀能力、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(語(yǔ)法、詞匯等)和綜合邏輯思維推理能力，其難度較大，是最令人頭痛的題型，并且其每題占的分值高(2分，只比閱讀理解少1分)，加上各選項(xiàng)環(huán)環(huán)相扣，選錯(cuò)了一個(gè)至少錯(cuò)兩個(gè)甚至更多，所以填錯(cuò)一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就意味著至少?zèng)]有了4分，這比所有類(lèi)型的'題的含金量都要高，不過(guò)，它也是把雙刃劍，容易丟分的題，也是最容易得分題，每選對(duì)一個(gè)，也一樣意味著其它選項(xiàng)選擇的成功率大大提高，何況只有1個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，排除起來(lái)更容易。所以，對(duì)這類(lèi)題要有信心、決心和細(xì)心，如果做得好，它比“閱讀理解”更容易拿分。

　　1、做題總思路：

　　從分析題型知道，這類(lèi)題其實(shí)是前兩類(lèi)考題(“閱讀判斷”和“概括大意與完成句子”)的綜合，說(shuō)白一點(diǎn)，它只不過(guò)是要找出各選項(xiàng)在原文的出處而已，并且這個(gè)出處已經(jīng)確定了5個(gè)填充處給予選擇，從這點(diǎn)上說(shuō)，比前兩類(lèi)題更簡(jiǎn)單。所以，做前兩類(lèi)題的步驟和技巧，特別是思路和邏輯推理方法，在這類(lèi)題中運(yùn)用更合適、更能體現(xiàn)和更能發(fā)揮得淋漓盡致。

　　針對(duì)這類(lèi)題的要求和特點(diǎn)：是要在6個(gè)選項(xiàng)句子(陳述句)中分別選出5個(gè)符合語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和前后內(nèi)容意思銜接的選項(xiàng)，補(bǔ)充到原文劃線(xiàn)的填充處(是在某段落之前、之后或兩句子之中)，使原文成為一篇意思完整、前后連貫的短文;根據(jù)其要求與特點(diǎn)，有的放矢，我們?cè)俅芜\(yùn)用綜合分析排除法來(lái)選出正確的答案：一是不“符合語(yǔ)法知識(shí)”的排除，二是不“符合邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)”的排除，三是不能使填充處“前后內(nèi)容銜接、意思連貫”的排除。

　　要正確運(yùn)用這些方法，當(dāng)然能通讀并讀懂原文最好，但很難做到并且沒(méi)有必要這樣做，我們的思路總是要化復(fù)雜為簡(jiǎn)單、化難為易、化大為小來(lái)做題，所以，我們要把短文化為句子、句子化為單詞來(lái)做，這樣就簡(jiǎn)單得多了。因此，做這類(lèi)題的重點(diǎn)，一是選項(xiàng)句子，而選項(xiàng)句子重點(diǎn)是它的中心詞，包括：名詞、代詞和連接詞，這三種詞是我們必須重視的，也是我們了解該選項(xiàng)句子意思，運(yùn)用上述三種方法的前提，二是填充處的前后段或前后句子，弄清楚這個(gè)填充處所在位置的意義以及其前后段或前后句子的邏輯關(guān)系和內(nèi)容意思，也是運(yùn)用上述方法的前提。

　　2、做題步驟：(根據(jù)總思路和參照前兩類(lèi)考題，分四步走)

　　(1)第一步：找出各選項(xiàng)句子中心詞：名詞、代詞和連接詞，了解這句子的大概意思(要該選項(xiàng)中劃出其中心詞并簡(jiǎn)要寫(xiě)也其大意)。對(duì)于中心詞的查找方法，除了直接查字典外，請(qǐng)參看前兩類(lèi)考題所述技巧，在此不再贅述。建議：如果有點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，在做這一步之前最好快速游覽一個(gè)全文，了解全文大概是講什么的。然后，根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)句子的大概意思，初步設(shè)想一下它們最有可能的位置和彼此順序(當(dāng)然，這也可以不做);

　　(2)第二步：按順序了解某一個(gè)填充處前后段或前后句子的邏輯關(guān)系和大概內(nèi)容意思。這也是類(lèi)似找中心句子與中心詞的方法，找出前后段最接近填充處的句子的中心詞(名詞、代詞和連接詞)，或者找出填充處前后句子的中心詞，了解其大概意思和相互間的邏輯關(guān)系;

　　(3)第三步：把選項(xiàng)句子中心詞及其大意與填充處前后段或前后句子的邏輯關(guān)系及大意進(jìn)行對(duì)照，運(yùn)用下述的做題技巧，綜合分析排除，確定最有可能的選項(xiàng)或直接確定答案;并把確定了的答案把它劃去和把最有可能的選項(xiàng)(A、B、C…)寫(xiě)到填充處，無(wú)論能否確定答案，都要接著往下做下一個(gè)填空處，以如類(lèi)推。因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)題是6選5，基本上是一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)筐，每個(gè)選項(xiàng)最多只能用一次，并且基本上都必須用上，所以，不能確定最后唯一答案時(shí)，基本上可以通過(guò)做其它的填充處，甚至到最后把所有的填充處綜合起來(lái)推敲，也可以確定各填充處的答案，因此，不要急于求成，困死在某一個(gè)填充處上;

　　(4)第四步：利用綜合分析排除法，最后理順并最終確定各選項(xiàng)的所有位置。確定了所有答案后，劃去干擾項(xiàng)，把各選項(xiàng)對(duì)號(hào)入座，進(jìn)行檢查和印證。進(jìn)一步理順?biāo)鼈兊囊粚?duì)一對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。如果存在較大的疑慮或者總是覺(jué)得不是很順而是覺(jué)得很勉強(qiáng)很別扭，你就要好好重做一遍了，這種情況下一定是亂點(diǎn)鴛鴦譜，搞錯(cuò)了選項(xiàng)。

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀8

　　About Sea 關(guān)于大海

　　I live in a small village. I have never seen sea. But I see it many times in the TV. It is very beautiful. In my hometown, the water in the river is a little yellow and the river is small. But the sea is different. In the TV, I can’t see the end of the sea and its water is blue. It is amazing. It is said that is voice and wind of the sea are also very comfortable. My ten years birthday wish is to have a look at sea.

　　我住在一個(gè)小村莊。我從沒(méi)看過(guò)海。但我在電視上看到過(guò)很多次。很漂亮。在我家鄉(xiāng)，河里的水是有點(diǎn)點(diǎn)黃的。但是大海卻是不一樣的。在電視上，我看不到海的盡頭而且水是藍(lán)色的'。真的很神奇。聽(tīng)說(shuō)大海的聲音和海風(fēng)也是很舒服的。我十歲生日的愿望就是去看海。

　　The Sea 大海

　　What do you know about the sea? Some people know about it, but others don't. The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day, but when there's a strong wind, it's very rough. What else do you know about it?

　　Of course, the sea is very big. In the world, there is more sea than land. Do you know Hainan Island? It's really very nice. We can see beaches, trees and the sea. We can swim and visit a lot of beautiful places.

　　When you swim in the sea, you feel that the water is salty.

　　At last, I tell you about the Dead Sea. Fish can't live in it, because it's dangerous. This sea is too salty.

　　The sea is nice, but sometimes it's not good.

　　你是怎么知道大海？有些人不了解它，但其他人沒(méi)有。美麗的大�？雌饋�(lái)是在一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚的一天，但是當(dāng)有一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的風(fēng)，它很粗糙。知道你還做了什么？

　　當(dāng)然，海是非常大的。在這個(gè)世界上，有更多的海洋資源。你知道海南島嗎？這真的很漂亮。我們可以看到海灘，樹(shù)和海。我們可以游泳和參觀(guān)很多美好的地方。

　　當(dāng)你在海中游泳，你覺(jué)得這水是咸的。

　　最后，我告訴你一些關(guān)于死海。魚(yú)不能生活在它，因?yàn)樗�是危險(xiǎn)的.。海水是咸的。

　　海是漂亮的，但有時(shí)是不好的。

　　WEALTH AND HAPPINESS 富裕 和 幸福

　　There is no same opinion among people as to the view of wealth. Some people may think that wealth is the most important and powerful thing in life, while some other people believe that there are many things that cannot be bought with wealth.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There’s an old proverb, “Money can cure hunger, but it can’t cure happiness” which simply means wealth can buy us some material things but cannot make us happy and free from sadness or worries.

　　在人們看來(lái)，財(cái)富的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是不一樣的。有些人可能認(rèn)為財(cái)富是人生中最重要和最重要的東西，而另一些人則認(rèn)為，有很多東西是無(wú)法用財(cái)富來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)的，而就我而言，我同意后者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。有一句古老的諺語(yǔ)：“錢(qián)能治好，但不能治好幸福”，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，財(cái)富能給我們買(mǎi)點(diǎn)東西，卻不能使我們快樂(lè)，不讓悲傷和煩惱。

　　In fact, happiness, true love, friendship, time, health and so on are the most valuable things in the world and can never ever be bought with money. Those who just try their best to make money can’t realize the true meaning of life and will be the slaves for money. They can’t enjoy happiness, for they have lost everything, time, relatives, love except money. Then, what can money do? No one will share the happy moment with them.So, I think, money is not at all powerful while happiness is more important. If we always have happiness, we’ll never give up the belief to life.

　　事實(shí)上，幸福，真正的愛(ài)情，友誼，時(shí)間，健康等等都是世界上最有價(jià)值的東西，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被金錢(qián)買(mǎi)來(lái)。那些盡自己最大努力賺錢(qián)的人，無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)人生的'真正意義，并將成為金錢(qián)的奴隸。他們不能享受幸福，因?yàn)樗麄兪�去了一切，時(shí)間，親人，愛(ài)除了金錢(qián)。那么，錢(qián)怎么辦？沒(méi)有人會(huì)和他們一起分享快樂(lè)的時(shí)刻，所以，我認(rèn)為，金錢(qián)不是萬(wàn)能的，而幸福更重要。如果我們永遠(yuǎn)擁有幸福，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)放棄對(duì)生活的信念。

　　On-line Shopping Carnival 網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物狂歡節(jié)

　　When it comes to November 11, what’s on your mind? Well, as to the old generations, it’s only an ordinary day; however,the young generations will consider it as the Singles’ Day as well as the on-line shopping carnival. In fact, on November 11th, 20xx, Tmall and Taobao(the biggest Chinese online shopping platform) has sold out more than 35 billion Yuan goods, this data has astonished the media at home and abroad.Apparently, people have more interests on cyber shopping than spend the night with their single friends. Some home media even suggest that November 11thshould be the Chinese on-line shopping carnival.

　　當(dāng)人們提到11月11日，你想到了什么？對(duì)于老一輩的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這一天和平常一樣；然而，對(duì)于年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，這天不僅僅是“光棍節(jié)”，也是網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物狂歡節(jié)。事實(shí)上，在今年的雙11，天貓和淘寶（中國(guó)最大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物平臺(tái)）賣(mài)出了價(jià)值高達(dá)350多億元的商品，這一數(shù)據(jù)驚呆了國(guó)內(nèi)外的.媒體。顯而易見(jiàn)，大家對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物的熱情超出了與單身好友共度“光棍”節(jié)的興趣。有些國(guó)內(nèi)的媒體甚至建議每年的11月11日應(yīng)該是中國(guó)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物狂歡節(jié)。

　　In 20xx, Jack Ma, the CEO of Tmall andTaobao, had coined the term “Double Eleven”, aimed to encourage the single people to do something to celebrate their own festival. Instead of datinglovers, people go on-line shopping to relive the loneliness. According to the survey, China had 564 million Internet users at the end of last year and 180 million single people. And the single people are the main force of the China’s spending power. The debut was a great success. Then “11.11” has an unusual meaning, which stands for on-line shopping carnival.

　　在20xx年，天貓和淘寶的首席執(zhí)行官馬云，創(chuàng)造出了一個(gè)新詞：“雙11”，目的是為了鼓勵(lì)單身朋友去做些與眾不同的事情，以此慶祝他們自己的節(jié)日。沒(méi)有情人約會(huì)，那就上網(wǎng)購(gòu)物減輕自己的孤獨(dú)感吧。調(diào)查顯示:去年中國(guó)的網(wǎng)民有五億六千四百萬(wàn)人，其中有一億八千萬(wàn)的單身漢。而這些單身漢正好是網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物的主力軍。于是，“雙11”被賦予了不同的意義，那就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物狂歡節(jié)。

　　Comparing with the traditional shopping,the cyber shopping has more distinguish features, which quite fit the young generations’ taste. People do not need to go outside, just click their mouse, the goods will be home. The best part is you can do it anywhere, anytime. All you need is acredit card. What we can predict in the future is that on-line shopping is not going to fade away, instead, it will boost like the mushrooms after springrains.

　　和傳統(tǒng)的購(gòu)物相比，網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物有著更為明顯的特點(diǎn)，這更符合年輕人的口味。人們不需要外出，只需點(diǎn)擊一下鼠標(biāo)，商品就會(huì)送到家。最棒的是你可以在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行購(gòu)物。你只需一張信用卡。我們可以預(yù)測(cè)到在將來(lái)，網(wǎng)購(gòu)不會(huì)淡出我們的生活，它就像雨后春筍，不斷增長(zhǎng)。

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀9

　　It may sound crazy that anyone would intentionally make quitting smoking any harder than necessary. But Ican guarantee that if you want to know a secret about how to quit smoking, then just stop making it so hardfor yourself.

　　Henry Ford once said, that if you think you can or you think you can't, then either way you are right. Here inlies the problem. Many smokers think they can't, or think it will be very hard.

　　They say things like:

　　1. Cigarettes are my friend: Wow talk about a lousy friend.

　　2. I'll be lost without them: Nothing quite so comforting as lighting a toxic cigarette.

　　3. I need my cigarettes to think: Nothing like 4000 toxic chemicals flooding your brain to help cognition.

　　4. Cigarettes help me when I'm stressed. Nicotine causes an adrenal response, flooding your system withadrenalin and cortisol, nothing good about that.

　　5. Smoking helps me relax. Again the nicotine does no such thing. It's taking time out that is relaxing.

　　6. I like smoking when I eat. Just wait until your food tastes like food and not an ashtray.

　　7. I always smoke with alcohol. Have a look around, notice the non smokers are doing just fine, withoutsmoking.

　　8. I put on weight if I quit. Smokers are no less thin or fat than any other group in society. Smoking actuallymakes it hard for your liver to break down fats properly.

　　In fact one of the best pieces of advice I can give to a smoker is to just observe non smokers going abouttheir day. See them when they are relaxed, stressed, busy, thinking, bored, eating or drinking.

　　The non smokers are managing just fine without any assistance from cigarettes. Focussing on all thereasons you think you need to smoke is just making it very hard for you. You can't quit when you think yourlife is so dependent on smoking.

　　The first thing to do is to look at the list and just think about it. Start to realise that smoking doesn't makeanything better. It doesn't help you to relax or thing, or drive better or hold a better conversation on thephone.

　　All it does is cost you a lot of money, make you smell like an ashtray, and strip away 14 years of life onaverage. And did I mention the slow painful lingering death.

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀10

　　Hi, welcome to Faith Radio Online-Simply to Relax, I’m Faith. I realized a few years ago why we all need to climb a mountain every now and then. When we climb mountains, face challenges, hurdle1 obstacles and learn from difficult situations we remind ourselves that we have the strength, power and energy to overcome life's challenges. At first even a little mountain may seem like a big insurmountable mountain. But when you step back and climb it you realize, "I can do this." You realize within you is a source of strength, power and energy that you didn't know you had. After all, the mountain, no matter how big it is, is no match for your focused energy and desire to climb it. Mountains are meant to be climbed. Wounds are meant to be healed and problems are meant to become learning experiences. They all serve a purpose. They make us stronger mentally, emotionally and spiritually. So, here we are, in front of us is that mountain, don’t hesitate, just go ahead and climb it, climb that mountain.

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀11

　　Party? No, the star of Transformers and the new Indiana Jones film would rather work

　　Mar.12

　　Shia LaBeouf, the star of last summer's hit film Transformers, didn't enjoy a privileged childhood like many other child actors. Growing up in an impoverished Los Angeles neighborhood, Shia acted in order to earn money. His first acting experiences were performing as a clown with his parents to sell hot dogs. He never imagined acting would earn him the opportunity to star with Harrison Ford in the upcoming indiana Jones movie.

　　Shia comes from five generations of performers. Among his grandparents are a comedian and a poet. His mother danced ballet until an injury forced her to stop. Shia's father worked as a clown, but he also battled drug addictions. Unfortunately, his parents divorces when Shia was in elementary shcool.

　　Shia began acting to help earn money for his mother, whom he lived with after the divorce. At age10, he got a job as a comedian, and, at 13, he won a starring role in a Disney television series. It was the 20xx movie Holes, however, that played the most important role in Shia's early career.

　　Word Bank:

　　privileged (a) 享有優(yōu)勢(shì)地位的；接受特殊待遇的'

　　Sam has the privileged position of being president of the student body.

　　upcoming (a) 即將來(lái)臨的

　　Aunt Betty is baking our favorite dish for the upcoming family reunion.

　　comedian (n) 喜劇演員

　　This comedian wasn't very funny. I didn't laugh at many of his jokes.

　　divorce (v) 離婚

　　I'm proud of my parents, who never divorced even when times were difficult.

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀12

　　答案

　　1.CBABBCABAC

　　2.CCDAC

　　BCADB CABDC 3.ABC means American-born Chinese.

　　Because they look like Chinese but they think and do things like Americans. Because they are born in America and they live in America for a long time. Their eyes are black and their hair is black,too His nationality ia American. 4.one thousands far takes climbing enjoy early bright really visit 1.BCBCBDABDD

　　2.ABDBD BDBBD CBBAC

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀13

　　閱讀下面短文，從A.(Right)、B.(Wrong)、C.(Doesn’t say)三個(gè)判斷中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

　　Buford is the smallest town in the US. The town is high in the mountains and it lies on the road between New York and California. The town has a beautiful view (景色 )of the Rocky Mountains. It also has very cold winters and a lot of wind. In the past, the town had almost 2,000 people. Now it is well-known in the US because it has a population ( 人口) of one person, Don Sammons.

　　Don works in his own shop ten hours per day and he is also head of the town. Almost 1,000 people visit his shop every day in summer. But in winter, he has only about 100 visitors a day.

　　Don has lived in the town for 32 years but he has decided to leave it now. His house and shop are for sale (出售) now. The post office and school house are for sale, too.

　　You can know more about this town in a TV program. In the program, Don tells the story about the little town and welcomes everyone to Buford.

　　56. Buford is a town in the mountains.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Doesnt say

　　57. There are nearly 2,000 people living in Buford.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Doesnt say

　　58. There are no visitors to Dons shop in winter.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Doesnt say

　　59. Don has made up his mind to leave Buford.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Doesnt say

　　60. The TV program about Buford lasts about an hour.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Doesnt say

譯文

　　Buford是羨國(guó)最小的鎮(zhèn)，這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)在山中的高處，位于紐約和加利福尼亞之間的道路上。小鎮(zhèn)能欣賞到落基山的美景。此處的冬天十分寒冷，大風(fēng)凜冽。過(guò)去，小鎮(zhèn)將近有20xx人�，F(xiàn)在它只有一位居民Don Sammons，小鎮(zhèn)也因此而出名。

　　Don每天在自己的小店里工作l0小時(shí)，他也是小鎮(zhèn)的鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)。夏季每天大約有l(wèi)000人光顧他的店。但是冬天，每天只有100名游客。Don在小鎮(zhèn)居住了32年，但現(xiàn)在決定離開(kāi)了。他的房屋和店現(xiàn)在都在出售。郵局和學(xué)校的房屋也在出售。

　　你可以通過(guò)電視節(jié)目進(jìn)一步了解這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。節(jié)目里，Don談?wù)撽P(guān)于這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的故事并歡迎大家到Buford來(lái)。

答案

　　56.A【精析】句意：Buford是個(gè)山中的`一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。是非題。從文章第一段第二句話(huà)“The town is high in the mountains”可以推斷出，本題的判斷是正確的。故選A。

　　57.B【精析】句意：現(xiàn)有差不多20xx人居住在Buford鎮(zhèn)。是非題。從文章第一段最后一句話(huà)“Now it is well—known in the US becauseit has a population of one person”可以推斷出本題與原文不符。故選B。

　　58.B【精析】句意：冬天沒(méi)有游客光顧Don的小店。是非題。從文中第二段第三句話(huà)“But in winter，he has only about l00 visitors aday.”可以判斷出，本題表述不符合原文，故選B。

　　59.A【精析】句意：Don已經(jīng)下定決心離開(kāi)Buford鎮(zhèn)。是非題。從文中第二段第四句“Don has lived in the town for 32 years but be decid-ed to leave it now.”可以推斷出，本題的判斷是正確的。

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀14

　　現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)教學(xué)已經(jīng)由傳統(tǒng)的知識(shí)型方法正迅速地向語(yǔ)言交際運(yùn)用型教學(xué)方法過(guò)渡。也就是現(xiàn)在教育界說(shuō)得較多的“素質(zhì)教育”問(wèn)題。英語(yǔ)，作為一門(mén)語(yǔ)言課，教師如何教、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何學(xué)？這不僅是目前要求每位教學(xué)一線(xiàn)執(zhí)教者和教育研究家必須回答的問(wèn)題，而且是學(xué)校管理者、操作者以及全社會(huì)都關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。學(xué)生素質(zhì)的提高，一要靠自身臨場(chǎng)的發(fā)揮，更要靠平時(shí)教師對(duì)他們學(xué)習(xí)解題方法的訓(xùn)練有素。教師如果靠時(shí)間一題一題的傳授，學(xué)生靠一題一題地記“會(huì)”，那么在考場(chǎng)上最多是個(gè)中分低能的機(jī)器，就不用說(shuō)是將來(lái)適應(yīng)社會(huì)了。會(huì)教的人，往往是教給學(xué)生金鑰匙；因此，只要你從事教育教學(xué)，你都不光是給學(xué)生灌輸知識(shí)，而必須走向?qū)W生“交鑰匙”的道路。對(duì)教學(xué)悟的深，你教給學(xué)生金鑰匙，悟的不深你交給學(xué)生銅鑰匙；哪怕你交給學(xué)生鐵鑰匙，也比交給他們現(xiàn)存的金山、銀山強(qiáng)。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在教材和考試的閱讀理解文章中，普遍源于英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊的“原汁原味”的真東西越來(lái)越多，“國(guó)產(chǎn)”英文材料越來(lái)越少；沒(méi)有拿到“鑰匙”的人，只能在知識(shí)殿堂的門(mén)外徘徊。

　　在小學(xué)階段要不要設(shè)立專(zhuān)門(mén)的閱讀訓(xùn)練課程呢？訓(xùn)練的具體方式和方法又是什么呢？本文擬就小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中閱讀教學(xué)方法問(wèn)題作一些討論。

　　一，設(shè)立小學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)訓(xùn)練的目的。

　　小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程既是學(xué)生通過(guò)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，逐步掌握英語(yǔ)知識(shí)和技能，提高語(yǔ)言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的過(guò)程；又是他們磨礪意志、陶冶情操、拓展視野、豐富生活經(jīng)歷、開(kāi)發(fā)思維能力、發(fā)展個(gè)性和提高人文素養(yǎng)的過(guò)程。基礎(chǔ)教研階段英語(yǔ)課程的任務(wù)是：激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣，使學(xué)生樹(shù)立自信心，養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和形成有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略，發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和合作精神；使學(xué)生掌握一定的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)技能，形成一定的綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力；培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀(guān)察、記憶、思維、想象能力和創(chuàng)新精神；幫助學(xué)生了解世界和中西方文化差異，拓展視野，培養(yǎng)愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神，形成健康的人生觀(guān)，為他們的終身學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

　　因此，在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，我嘗試在五年級(jí)的學(xué)生中開(kāi)展英語(yǔ)短文的閱讀教學(xué)和閱讀訓(xùn)練。為什么要在小學(xué)階段進(jìn)行專(zhuān)題的英語(yǔ)閱讀的訓(xùn)練呢？首先我們來(lái)談?wù)勈裁词情喿x理解。閱讀理解是讀者從語(yǔ)篇中獲取信息的過(guò)程。著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Christine Nuttall認(rèn)為，作者將自己頭腦中的信息編碼（encoding），形成語(yǔ)篇（text），讀者再把語(yǔ)篇解碼，獲取信息。作者要把他頭腦里的信息（一個(gè)主意，一個(gè)事實(shí)或一種情感）傳達(dá)出去，讓別人理解，他首先必須把信息形諸于文字，即編碼，作者亦被稱(chēng)為編碼者。作者一旦完成了編碼過(guò)程，信息就以語(yǔ)篇的形式存在于作者的頭腦之外。閱讀過(guò)程則是一個(gè)解碼過(guò)程。作者要傳達(dá)的信息進(jìn)入讀者頭腦，交際過(guò)程隨之完成。但是，交際過(guò)程并非如此簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)樵诮浑H的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中都可能出現(xiàn)“故障”，致使交際中斷，信息無(wú)法傳遞。信息在從作者的頭腦到達(dá)讀者的頭腦里的過(guò)程中，若干因素會(huì)影響讀者接受信息。這些因素被心理學(xué)家們稱(chēng)之為變量。 “文字含義并不是僅僅存在于文本中的符號(hào)，被動(dòng)地等待讀者吸收。閱讀者必須積極投入其中，努力挖掘它的含義” 由此我們可以理解到在閱讀過(guò)程中，語(yǔ)言材料和讀者是交互作用的。文字含義既不存在于語(yǔ)篇（text）之中，也不存在于讀者之內(nèi)，它產(chǎn)生于兩者相互作用之中。在英語(yǔ)閱讀過(guò)程中，存在著若干變量（ variables），這些變量無(wú)疑都會(huì)對(duì)閱讀理解產(chǎn)生影響。五年級(jí)的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)已有一段時(shí)間了，他們的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)能力也有了一定的基礎(chǔ)，開(kāi)展閱讀教學(xué)和閱讀訓(xùn)練不但能關(guān)注每個(gè)學(xué)生情感，激發(fā)他們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣，還能幫助他們建立學(xué)習(xí)的成就感和自信心，使他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中發(fā)展綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，提高人文素養(yǎng)，增強(qiáng)實(shí)踐能力，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。

　　二，小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂閱讀教學(xué)方法。

　　進(jìn)入了五年級(jí)，課文從原來(lái)簡(jiǎn)短的對(duì)話(huà)一下子轉(zhuǎn)換成較長(zhǎng)的具有故事性的短文。而每個(gè)模塊的Unit2 則出現(xiàn)了50個(gè)詞左右的小短文，學(xué)習(xí)的要求從簡(jiǎn)單的聽(tīng)讀提高到閱讀理解短文內(nèi)容并就課后提出的問(wèn)題作出書(shū)面或口頭的回答。由于每課出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題有5－6個(gè)，有一般疑問(wèn)句也有特殊疑問(wèn)句，學(xué)生們一下子適應(yīng)不了，覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)真難啊。個(gè)別學(xué)生還出現(xiàn)了抗拒的心理，說(shuō)什么也不愿意開(kāi)口讀，動(dòng)手寫(xiě)。

　　分析了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的心理和學(xué)習(xí)的方法后，我馬上調(diào)整了教學(xué)計(jì)劃，在講授新課的同時(shí)注重這兩種句式的運(yùn)用和分析。通過(guò)口頭的'、書(shū)面的練習(xí)、學(xué)生們對(duì)問(wèn)句的形式及回答的方式都做到心中有數(shù)。其方法如下：一、準(zhǔn)確理解疑問(wèn)詞―― 準(zhǔn)確理解疑問(wèn)詞是解答好提問(wèn)的關(guān)鍵。要想準(zhǔn)確回答特殊疑問(wèn)句，則必須首先弄清楚各個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)詞的意思。如果指人要用who，若指物就用what；指年齡用how old，指時(shí)間用what time 、 when；若問(wèn) “數(shù)量”用how many（可數(shù)）或how much（不可數(shù)）；指地點(diǎn)用where，指原因用why，指程度用how等等。 二，一般疑問(wèn)句的回答方式―― 一般疑問(wèn)句的回答方式比較特別，學(xué)生們通過(guò)形式多樣的練習(xí)得出：以Yes / No,作開(kāi)頭，回答時(shí)要含有問(wèn)句的第一個(gè)詞或是回應(yīng)問(wèn)題的中心詞。如：Did Tom play football yesterday? 回答時(shí)可用：Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. 回答從簡(jiǎn)單的Yes / No，到規(guī)范的Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. 再到No, he played basketball.逐步發(fā)展學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力。

　　在學(xué)習(xí)Sam ate six hamburgers中。我設(shè)置了以下的問(wèn)題：

　　( 1 ) Who ate six hamburgers?

　　( 2 ) Did Lingling eat any hamburgers?

　　( 3 ) Does she like hamburgers?

　　( 4 ) What did they give to Sam?

　　( 5 ) What is Mum going to cook tonight?

　　通過(guò)以上的訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生們?cè)诨卮饐?wèn)題時(shí)會(huì)分析問(wèn)題中一般疑問(wèn)句的有( 2 ) Did Lingling eat any hamburgers? ( 3 ) Does she like hamburgers?；特殊疑問(wèn)句的是( 1 ) Who ate six hamburgers? ( 4 ) What did they give to Sam?( 5 ) What is Mum going to cook tonight?。針對(duì)各種問(wèn)題的回答方式，他們就會(huì)很輕松地回答：

　　( 1 ) Who ate six hamburgers?

　　Sam. / Sam ate six hamburgers.

　　( 2 ) Did Lingling eat any hamburgers?

　　No, she didn’t. / No, she ate a sandwich.

　　( 3 ) Does she like hamburgers?

　　No, she doesn’t. / No.

　　( 4 ) What did they give to Sam?

　　They gave their hamburgers to Sam. / Hamburgers.

　　( 5 ) What is Mum going to cook tonight?

　　She is going to cook Chinese food tonight. / Chinese food.

　　這樣的閱讀訓(xùn)練，結(jié)合了閱讀的理解和解題技巧的培養(yǎng)，課程設(shè)置從易到難，讓學(xué)生們，特別是一些中下生都能感受到成功的樂(lè)趣。

　　接下來(lái)，在閱讀教學(xué)中，采用提問(wèn)式、談話(huà)式、討論式教學(xué)法，將課堂教學(xué)引向激發(fā)——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性模式。閱讀文章時(shí),對(duì)所學(xué)文章要點(diǎn),教師提出要求,學(xué)生閱讀,尋找答案、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀時(shí)注意抓住全文的主旨。主要有：

　�。�1） 導(dǎo)讀（Pre-reading）

　　“導(dǎo)”體現(xiàn)的是“以教師為主導(dǎo)”。教師在學(xué)生閱讀課文之前可適當(dāng)?shù)闹v解與本課有關(guān)的背景知識(shí)；也可以充分利用文中的插圖進(jìn)行導(dǎo)讀語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)warm-up activities掃除文中可能出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言障礙（但有些生詞詞義應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生從所學(xué)的同義詞、英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)中猜測(cè)），還可以提出一些問(wèn)題。目的是激發(fā)學(xué)生閱讀的興趣和求知的欲望，并使學(xué)生初步感知課文內(nèi)容，為正式閱讀作了準(zhǔn)備。例如在教授Module 7 Community. He can’t see. 我利用實(shí)物投影出示了狗幫助人類(lèi)的兩幅圖片。

　　T: Look at these pictures, please! Who helps the man?

　　Ss: A dog.

　　T: Can the man see?

　　Ss: No, he can’t.

　　T: Yes, the man is blind. What about the girl? Can she hear ?

　　Ss: A dog helps her. She can’t hear.

　　T: Good. The girl can’t hear, she’s deaf. The dogs are very useful.

　　通過(guò)對(duì)話(huà)不僅使學(xué)生了解了本文主要談?wù)摰氖枪肥侨祟?lèi)的朋友，也從彩圖中領(lǐng)略到哪些人需要得到狗的幫助及本課的一些新詞 can’t see : blind, can’t hear: deaf。

　�。�2） 速讀（Fast-reading）

　　這一步驟主要是指導(dǎo)學(xué)生帶著問(wèn)題進(jìn)行搜索式閱讀和跳躍式的閱讀（Skimming and Scanning），以獲取有關(guān)信息，了解文章大義。然后讓學(xué)生回答有關(guān)問(wèn)題，或讓學(xué)生做正誤判斷練習(xí)，以檢查學(xué)生的理解程度。

　　例如：Module 6 Self-assessment

　�、� Lingling wants to be in the football team（T）

　�、� She can’t run fast. (T)

　�、� She was good at football in China. (F) …

　　(3)細(xì)讀（Intensive reading）

　　這一步驟主要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生逐步仔細(xì)閱讀課文，了解課文的主要情節(jié)和細(xì)節(jié)，就課文內(nèi)容情節(jié)提一些問(wèn)題，讓學(xué)生分析段落大以及段落之間的聯(lián)系或中心思想。對(duì)文中尚未叫過(guò)的生詞和習(xí)慣用于句式，可鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文利用已學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)去猜測(cè)去推斷。目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立分析、獨(dú)立思考和邏輯推理的能力，以及用英語(yǔ)思維的習(xí)慣。

　　例如：在細(xì)讀 You can play football well 之后涉及的一道題中。

　　Lingling was a good ______ player in China.

　　A. the high jump B. basketball C. football

　　正確答案應(yīng)選B。而選A向的同學(xué)僅9.4%選C的占75%。當(dāng)提醒學(xué)生在注意原文中的句子“You were very good at basketball in China.”其中的you指的就是 Lingling時(shí)，學(xué)生才恍然大悟。教師乘機(jī)告訴學(xué)生，讀的過(guò)程中要仔細(xì)分析字里行間的意思在下結(jié)論。

　　三，其他訓(xùn)練的方式。

　　Bolinger & Sear 在“Aspects of language”一書(shū)（1981.2）中說(shuō)語(yǔ)言是思維的重要工具，也是一個(gè)人的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用水平和交際的能力。傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)中使大多數(shù)學(xué)生聽(tīng)得懂說(shuō)不出。因此，在整體理解課文的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)一連串的聽(tīng)說(shuō)活動(dòng)深化對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解, 然后開(kāi)展運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的活動(dòng)，把理解和運(yùn)用有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái)。

　　1）單人或雙人活動(dòng)（Individual or Pair work）

　　為了鞏固學(xué)生所學(xué)的知識(shí)，及時(shí)檢查學(xué)生對(duì)課文理解的程度。速讀和細(xì)讀之后組織學(xué)生一人或兩人一組的活動(dòng)。教師問(wèn)，學(xué)生答，或?qū)W生一人問(wèn)一人答。這能使學(xué)生掌握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。還可鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生分析主題句，歸納段落大意，中心思想等。例如：What’s the main idea of the text? / What does it talk about?

　　2）小組討論與回答（Discussion & Respond）

　　Module 8 Unit 2為例。教師提出問(wèn)題,Did Lingling write a letter to Daming? / Did she go to Amy’s school? / Did they have class at nine? / Did they do exercises? / Did the bell ring at eight?…讓學(xué)生在小組內(nèi)自由回答或討論答案。讓學(xué)生通過(guò)回答問(wèn)題和討論答案初步了解課文的意思。教師在聽(tīng)學(xué)生回答問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中也可以弄清學(xué)生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。這樣的閱讀訓(xùn)練,就能有的放矢,既不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,又能吸引學(xué)生的注意力。學(xué)生在解答問(wèn)題的同時(shí),閱讀能力和口語(yǔ)能力都得到了鍛煉。同時(shí)也提高了學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。通過(guò)小組學(xué)習(xí)、自我學(xué)習(xí)、教師輔助學(xué)習(xí)等形式，讓學(xué)生明白到課文的理解并不是逐字逐句的譯成中文，而是理解關(guān)鍵的詞組和了解短文的大意。并指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在做題之前先觀(guān)察問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型，從問(wèn)句中找出關(guān)鍵詞，再?gòu)脑�文中找出相�?yīng)的句子，分析、綜合之后再做題。

　　3）“雙主體”教育模式。

　　此外我還注意因?qū)W生特點(diǎn)實(shí)施教學(xué)。學(xué)生的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r受先天遺傳和后天環(huán)境、教育的影響，在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)、培養(yǎng)技能和能力的認(rèn)知過(guò)程中存在著認(rèn)知的個(gè)別差異。認(rèn)知差異既體現(xiàn)在認(rèn)知能力方面，也體現(xiàn)在認(rèn)知風(fēng)格上，學(xué)生的發(fā)展因此呈現(xiàn)出豐富多彩的特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)因材施教使全體學(xué)生的素質(zhì)得到全面發(fā)展，為全面提高英語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量提供重要保證。在教學(xué)中要充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體作用，使他們排除心理障礙，建立信心，提高學(xué)習(xí)興趣，改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)方法。同時(shí)，在教學(xué)中要發(fā)揮教師的指導(dǎo)作用，組織好課內(nèi)外各種活動(dòng)和指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法，為他們選材、解疑，幫助他們養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力，從而保持高昂的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。在英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中,介紹閱讀內(nèi)容和文化背景，精心設(shè)計(jì)好各類(lèi)問(wèn)題，逐步加深理解。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，激發(fā)學(xué)生閱讀的欲望，在分析問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中獲得知識(shí)。在閱讀時(shí),教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生喚起想象與抽象思維更好地協(xié)同活動(dòng), 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的講解要適度，操練要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，使文章內(nèi)容更有生動(dòng)現(xiàn)實(shí)感,使學(xué)生有身臨其境的感覺(jué),這樣就能提高閱讀效果。

　　其實(shí)，不單在英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中教師要這樣做，在日常教學(xué)中，教師應(yīng)遵循“雙主體”的教學(xué)模式：教師為主導(dǎo)，學(xué)生為主體，學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下積極主動(dòng)地去學(xué)習(xí)。教師在教學(xué)中尊重學(xué)生，相信學(xué)生，把學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)權(quán)交給學(xué)生，放手讓學(xué)生自己去大膽學(xué)習(xí)、實(shí)踐，充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性，發(fā)揮其主觀(guān)能動(dòng)性和潛能，才能達(dá)到發(fā)展智力、培養(yǎng)能力的目的。學(xué)生作為主體參與課堂教學(xué)，讓學(xué)生積極參與教學(xué)過(guò)程，在參與中得到訓(xùn)練和發(fā)展。

　　相信經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間有計(jì)劃、有目的的系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀的正確性，這兩者一定能有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。以提高學(xué)生閱讀英語(yǔ)和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力，為繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)切實(shí)打好基礎(chǔ)。

英語(yǔ)短文閱讀15

　　There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! Dream what you want to dream;go where you want to go;be what you want to be,because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.May you have enough happiness to make you sweet,enough trials to make you strong,enough sorrow to keep you human,enough hope to make you happy? Always put yourself in others’shoes.If you feel that it hurts you,it probably hurts the other person, too.The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything;they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.Happiness lies for those who cry,those who hurt, those who have searched,and those who have tried,for only they can appreciate the importance of people.who have touched their lives.Love begins with a smile,grows with a kiss and ends with a tear.The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you can’t go on well in lifeuntil you let go of your past failures and heartaches.

　　When you were born,you were crying and everyone around you was smiling.Live your life so that when you die,you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.Please send this message to those people who mean something to you,to those who have touched your life in one way or another,to those who make you smile when you really need it,to those that make you see the brighter side of things when you are really down,to those who you want to let them know that you appreciate their friendship.And if you don’t, don’t worry,nothing bad will happen to you,you will just miss out on the opportunity to brighten someone’s day with this message.

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